The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia - New pages [en]

Go go

2012-05-16T22:31:32Z

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Analog recording

2012-05-16T22:30:07Z

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'''Analog''' (or '''analogue''') '''recording''' (Greek, ''ana'' is "according to" and ''logos'' "relationship") is a technique used for the [[recording]] of [[analog signal]]s which among many possibilities include [[audio frequency]], [[analog audio]] and [[analog video]] information for later playback.

Analog recording methods store signals as a continual wave ''in'' or ''on'' the media. The wave might be stored as a physical texture on a [[phonograph record]], or a fluctuation in the [[field strength]] of a [[magnetic recording]]. This is different from [[digital recording]] of which among many possibilities include [[digital audio]] and [[digital video]], which [[digital signal]]s are represented as data or discrete numbers.

==Audio==
Examples of analog audio recording are:
*[[Compact Cassette]] magnetic tape recorders
*[[Gramophone record]] (also known as a ''phonograph record'', ''vinyl'', etc.)

==Video==
Examples of analog video recording are:
*[[Quadruplex videotape]] (2")
*[[Videocassette recorder]] (VCR)

==See also==
*[[Analog recording vs. digital recording]]
*[[Magnetic storage]]
*[[Magnetic tape]]

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Simian Mobile Disco

2012-05-16T22:27:53Z

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'''Simian Mobile Disco''' are an English [[electronic music]] duo and production team from [[London]], formed in 2005 by [[James Ford (musician)|James Ford]] and Jas Shaw of the band [[Simian (band)|Simian]]. Musically, they are known for their [[analog recording|analogue]] production. In addition to his work with Simian Mobile Disco, Ford is a producer and has worked with artists such as [[Florence and the Machine]], [[Peaches (musician)|Peaches]], [[Arctic Monkeys]] and [[Klaxons]].
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Eponymous archon

2012-05-16T22:15:33Z

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This is a list of the '''eponymous archons of [[Athens (polis)|Athens]]'''.

== See also ==
* ''[[Archon basileus]]''
* [[Hierotheos the Thesmothete]], reported first head of the Christians of Athens.
* ''[[Polemarch]]'' (replaced in 501 BC by ten [[strategos|strategoi]])

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Cosmic Couriers

2012-05-16T22:09:57Z

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'''Cosmic Couriers''' (also known as Cosmic Music, Kosmische Musik and Kosmische Kuriere) was a German experimental/space-rock label set up by Rolf-Ulrich Kaiser in 1973 following his association with [[Ohr (record label)|Ohr]] and [[Pilz (record label)|Pilz]]. A number of influential records in the [[Krautrock]] genre were released on Cosmic Couriers, including [[Klaus Schulze]]'s 'Cyborg' and [[Ash Ra Tempel]]/[[Timothy Leary]]'s 'Seven Up'.

Cosmic Couriers released many important Krautrock titles by artists including [[Klaus Schulze]], [[Ash Ra Tempel]], [[Manuel Göttsching]], [[Wallenstein]], [[Popol Vuh (German band)|Popol Vuh]], and others, including [[Walter Wegmüller]]'s 'Tarot'. However Kaiser got into trouble when he started releasing albums under the name of the [[Cosmic Jokers]], a [[Supergroup (music)|supergroup]] made up of artists who did not even realise they were participating in such a project: Kaiser had taken recordings of informal jams by various artists from the label and had released them under the Cosmic Jokers name without their knowledge. The musicians affected - and in particular Klaus Schulze - were far from impressed with Kaiser's release of this material and took legal action. As a result of this and his involvement with Timothy Leary, Kaiser's contracts with his bands were voided by the German courts thus spelling the end for the Kosmische Musik label.

==Releases==

* Timothy Leary & Ash Ra Tempel - ''Seven Up''
* [[Sergius Golowin]] - ''Lord Krishna Von Goloka''
* Walter Wegmüller - ''Tarot'' (2LP)
* [[Witthüser & Westrupp|Witthüser+Westrupp]] - ''Live *68-*73'' (2LP)
* Klaus Schulze - ''[[Cyborg (album)|Cyborg]]'' (2LP)
* Wallenstein - ''Cosmic Century''
* Ash Ra Tempel - ''[[Starring Rosi]]''
* The Cosmic Jokers - ''The Cosmic Jokers''
* Popol Vuh - ''[[Seligpreisung]]''
* Galactic Supermarket (Cosmic Jokers) - ''Galactic Supermarket''
* Various - ''Sci-Fi Party'' (conceptual sampler)
* Sternenmädchen - ''Gilles Zeitschiff''
* The Cosmic Jokers & Sternenmädchen - ''Planeten Sit-In''
* Wallenstein - ''Stories, Songs & Symphonies''
* Ash Ra Tempel ([[Manuel Göttsching]]) - ''Inventions For Electric Guitar''
* [[Mythos (band)|Mythos]] - ''[[Dreamlab]]''
* Popol Vuh - ''[[Einsjäger und Siebenjäger]]''
* Various - ''Take Your Headphones'' (promo sampler)

== See also ==
* [[Krautrock]]
* [[Psychedelic music]]
* [[List of record labels]]
* [[List of electronic music record labels]]

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Alphaville (band)

2012-05-16T22:03:06Z

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'''Alphaville''' is a [[Germany|German]] [[synthpop]] group which gained popularity in the 1980s. The founding members were [[Marian Gold]] (real name ''Hartwig Schierbaum'', born 26 May 1954 in [[Herford]], [[North Rhine-Westphalia]]), Bernhard Lloyd (real name ''Bernhard Gößling'', born 6 June 1960 in [[Enger]], [[North Rhine-Westphalia]]), and Frank Mertens (real name ''Frank Sorgatz'', born 26 October 1961 in Enger, North Rhine-Westphalia). The band was at first named '''Forever Young''' before changing to Alphaville. They are best known for their two biggest hits, "[[Big in Japan (song)|Big in Japan]]" and "[[Forever Young (Alphaville song)|Forever Young]]". As of 1984, they sold over 80 million albums. Most albums were sold in South America and Europe.
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Go-go boot

2012-05-16T21:56:27Z

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'''Go-go boots''' are a low-heeled style of women's fashion boot worn since the mid-sixties when fashion silhouettes focused on accentuating the leg. They first appeared in the 1960s.

In modern parlance, "go-go boot" can be used to describe any style of [[knee-high boots]] regardless of heel height.
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À gogo

2012-05-16T21:55:39Z

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'''À gogo''', often anglicized as '''A Go-Go''', is a French expression meaning "in abundance, galore". Alternate spellings vary widely, particularly concerning the placement and number of hyphens as well as the use of the "a" (see ''[[Go go (disambiguation)|Go go]]''). The term is often used in popular culture, especially in the field of music and dancing. Though earlier uses of the phrase were meant to lend a cosmopolitan feel to subjects, modern usage tends more toward an ironic, [[Camp (style)|campy]] appeal.

==Places==
*[[Whisky a Go Go]], a Hollywood nightclub
*[[Whiskey Au Go Go fire|Whiskey Au Go Go]], a former Australian nightclub
*[[Cafe Au Go Go]], a former New York City nightclub
*[[Hash House a Go Go]], a Las Vegas restaurant

==Titles==

;Albums
*[[A Go Go (John Scofield album)|''A Go Go'' (John Scofield album)]], a 1998 album by John Scofield
*[[A Go Go (Potshot album)|''A Go Go'' (Potshot album)]], a 2002 album by Potshot
*[[Agogo (album)|''Agogo'' (album)]], a 1998 album by KMFDM
*''[[Global a Go-Go]]'', a 2001 album by Joe Strummer and the Mescaleros
*''[[Going to a Go-Go]]'', a 1965 album by Smokey Robinson and the Miracles
*''[[The Supremes A' Go-Go]]'', a 1966 album by The Supremes

;Songs

*"[[La Sexorcisto: Devil Music, Vol. 1#.22Grindhouse (A Go-Go).22|Grindhouse (A Go-Go)]]", a song from the 1992 White Zombie album ''La Sexorcisto: Devil Music, Vol. 1''
*"Midnight a Go-Go", a song from the 1988 Beat Happening album ''[[Jamboree (Beat Happening album)|Jamboree]]''
*"Nike-A-Go-Go", a song from the 1982 Misfits album ''[[Walk Among Us]]''
*"[[Romeo A Go-Go]]", a song from the 2003 Every Time I Die album ''Hot Damn!''
*"Saddam A Go-Go", a song from the 1994 GWAR album ''[[This Toilet Earth]]''
*"Skydeck A Go! Go!", a song from the video game ''[[Sonic Adventure]]''
*"A-Go-Go", a song from the 2005 Dengue Fever album "[[Sip Off the Mekong - EP]]"
*"Einstein A Go-Go", a song from the 1981 Landscape album ''[[From the Tea-rooms of Mars ....]]''
*"Ginsters A Go-Go!", a song from the 1996 Sir Bald Diddley and his Wig-Outs album ''Pie-Go-Mania''

;Movies
*''[[Bikini a Go Go]]'', a 2004 Fred Olen Ray [[DTV]] Movie
*''[[Cinderella A-Go-Go]]'', a 1967 Filipino Movie
*''[[Dead a Go! Go!]]'', a 1999 Japanese Movie
*''[[Dodge-a-Go-Go!]]'', a 2002 Japanese Movie
*''[[Millonario a go go]]'', a 1965 Mexican Movie
*''[[Monster A Go-Go]]'', a 1965 B-movie
*''[[Prison-A-Go-Go!]]'', a 2003 Movie
*''[[Psycho a Go-Go]]'', a 1965 B-Movie

;TV Shows
*''[[Breakfast-a-Go-Go]]'', a 1969-1971 Australian TV show

==Other==
*[[Au Go Go Records]], Melbourne, Australia based independent record label
*[[Guns A Go-Go]], a Vietnam War US Army helicopter: ACH-47A Chinook (Attack Cargo Helicopter, Series 47, Model A)
*[[The Go-Go's]], an all-female American rock band

==See also==
*[[Go go (disambiguation)]]

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Go go bar

2012-05-16T21:55:31Z

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The term '''go-go bar''' originally referred to a nightclub, bar, or similar establishment that featured [[Go-Go dancer]]s; while some Go-go bars in that original sense still exist, the link between its present uses and that original meaning is often more tenuous and regional.

Speaking broadly, the term has been used by venues that cover a wide range of businesses, from [[nightclub]]s or [[disco]]thèques, where dancers are essentially there to set the [[Mood (psychology)|mood]], to what are in essence [[burlesque]] theaters or [[strip clubs]], where dancers are part of a show and the primary focus.

==United States==
The term '''go-go bar''' is often used for certain sorts of [[strip club]]s.

In regions where the term is used, go-go bars are considered lower in class when compared to [[Gentlemen's club (adult entertainment)|Gentlemen's Clubs]], which offer a more coordinated and show-centric experience. In these bars:

* There is no [[Champagne room|Champagne Court]].
* Dress codes are more lax for both patrons and performers.
* There are no staging, choreography, or special effects considerations.
* A [[House mom|House Mother]] monitors activity and assists performers in the dressing area.
* Feature performers usually do not perform at go-go bars.

==Southeast Asia==
In Southeast Asia, and particularly in [[Thailand]] and parts of the [[Philippines]], Go Go bars can include a wide variety of indoor bars with dancers and/or hostesses; these typically do not offer striptease. These are most often venues for [[prostitution]], and the dancers are usually available to be [[bar fine]]d by customers.

These are often, but not exclusively, found in [[List of red-light districts#Asia|red light districts]] catering to foreigners.

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It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)

2012-05-16T21:53:48Z

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"'''It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)'''" is a 1931 composition by [[Duke Ellington]], with lyrics by [[Irving Mills]], now accepted as a [[jazz standard]]. The music was written and arranged by Ellington in August 1931 during intermissions at Chicago's Lincoln Tavern and was first recorded by Ellington and his orchestra for [[Brunswick Records]] (Br 6265) on February 2, 1932. [[Ivie Anderson]] sang the vocal and trombonist [[Joe Nanton]] and alto saxophonist [[Johnny Hodges]] played the instrumental solos. The title was based on the oft stated credo of Ellington's former trumpeter [[Bubber Miley]], who was dying of tuberculosis. The song became famous, Ellington wrote, "as the expression of a sentiment which prevailed among jazz musicians at the time." Probably the first song to use the phrase "swing" in the title, it introduced the term into everyday language and presaged the [[swing era]] by three years. The Ellington band played the song continually over the years and recorded it numerous times, most often with trumpeter [[Ray Nance]] as vocalist.

Notable recordings of the song by other artists include:
*[[Washboard Rhythm Kings]] – ''Washboard Rhythm Kings Vol. 3'' (1932)
*[[Boswell Sisters]] (1932)
*[[Django Reinhardt]] with [[Stéphane Grappelli]] – ''[[Swing from Paris]]'' (1935)
*[[Thelonious Monk]] – ''[[Thelonious Monk Plays the Music of Duke Ellington]]'' (1955)
*[[Ella Fitzgerald]] – ''[[Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Duke Ellington Songbook]]'' (1957), ''[[Ella and Duke at the Cote D'Azur]]'' (1967), ''[[Ella in London]]'' (1974)
*[[Gigi Gryce]] – ''[[Gigi Gryce]]'' ([[Metrojazz]], 1958)
*[[Nina Simone]] – ''[[Nina Simone Sings Ellington]]'' (1962)
*[[June Christy]] – ''[[A Lovely Way to Spend an Evening (album)|A Lovely Way to Spend An Evening]]'' (1986), ''[[Big Band Specials]]'' (1962)
*[[Carmen McRae]], [[Betty Carter]] – ''[[The Carmen McRae – Betty Carter Duets]]'' (1987)
*[[Tony Bennett]] – ''[[MTV Unplugged: Tony Bennett]]'' (1995), ''[[Bennett Sings Ellington: Hot & Cool]]'' (1999)
*The [[SuperJazz Big Band]] of Birmingham, Alabama recorded the song on the CD, "[[UAB SuperJazz, Featuring Ellis Marsalis]]." (2001)
*[[Gabin (Italian_band)|Gabin]] – ''[[Doo Uap, Doo Uap, Doo Uap]]'' (2002)
*[[Eva Cassidy]] – ''[[American Tune (album)|American Tune]]'' (2003)
*[[The Mills Brothers]] – ''[[Golden Greats]]'' (2002), ''[[Goodbye, Blues]]'' (2005)
*[[Della Reese]], [[Raven-Symoné]], [[Anneliese van der Pol]]- ''[[That's So Raven]]'' (2006)
*[[Club des Belugas]] – ''[[SWOP!]]'' (feat. [[Brenda Boykin]]) (2008)
*Asuka Sakai – [[Katamari Fortissimo Damacy|"A Crimson Rose and Gin Tonic"]]
*[[The Puppini Sisters]] – ''[[The Rise and Fall of Ruby Woo]]'' (incorporating some new lyrics and music and lyrics from "[[Puttin' on the Ritz]]", "[[Over the Rainbow]]", "[[Mambo Italiano (song)|Mambo Italiano]]" and "[[Is You Is or Is You Ain't My Baby]]") (2008)

The song's refrain was sung several times by various characters in the [[1993 in film|1993]] movie ''[[Swing Kids (film)|Swing Kids]]''.

The song was covered by [[Alvin and the Chipmunks]] for [[Alvin and the Chipmunks (TV series)|their TV series]] episode "Match Play."

The musical similarity suggests this piece may have inspired the 1955 piece "Leningradskie Vechera" ("Leningrad Nights") by composer Vasily Solovyov, which was changed to "Moscow Nights" and subsequently widely popularized in the West in 1961 by "Kenny Ball and His Jazzmen 7" as "Midnight in Moscow."

On [[American Public Media]]'s [[Marketplace (radio program)|Marketplace]], when they "do the numbers", the instrumental plays to denote the financial markets ended the day mixed, e.g., the [[DJIA]] gained while the [[NASDAQ]] lost.

[[Evander Holyfield]] & [[Edyta Sliwinska]] danced a [[Quickstep (dance)|Quickstep]] to this song in [[Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 1)|Season 1]] of [[Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series)|Dancing with the Stars]].

[[Nancy Grace]] & [[Tristan MacManus]] danced a [[Quickstep (dance)|Quickstep]] to this song in [[Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 13)|Season 13]] of [[Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series)|Dancing with the Stars]].

==See also==
*[[List of 1930s jazz standards]]

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Bustin' Out (song)

2012-05-16T21:49:16Z

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'''"Bustin' Out"''' is a 1981 EP by the [[New York]] based [[No Wave]] music group [[Material (band)|Material]]. The vocal here is provided by [[Nona Hendryx]]. This single sees the band move further away from their experimental beginnings into a clubier funkier direction.

==Track listing==
#"Bustin' Out" ([[Bill Laswell]], [[Michael Beinhorn]], [[Fred Maher]], [[Nona Hendryx]], [[Ronnie Drayton]], T.Scott) – 3:40
#"Over and Over" [Long Version] (Laswell, Beinhorn, Maher, Scott) – 5:36
#"Bustin' Out" [Long Version] (Laswell, Beinhorn, Maher, Hendryx, Drayton, Scott) – 8:06

===Promo 12"===
#"Bustin' out" – 8:27
#"Bustin' out" [Heavy Metal Mix] – 8:06

===2004 Release===
#"Bustin' out" [Remix] – 7:50
#"It's a holiday" [Remix] – 6:50
#"Over and over" – 5:35

==Personnel==
*[[Nona Hendryx]] – vocals
*[[Bill Laswell]] – basses
*[[Michael Beinhorn]] – synthesizers
*[[Fred Maher]] – drums
*[[Ronnie Drayton]] – guitar

==Production==
*Recorded at OAO Studio, Brooklyn, New York and RPM Sound Studio, New York City. Produced by Material with [[Martin Bisi]].

==Release history==
*1981 – Ze Records / Celluloid, CEL 6592 (12")
*1981 – Ze Records / Island, IS 49741 (7", only tracks 1 + 2)
*1981 – Ze Records / Island, 12WIP 6713 (12", only Tracks 2 + 3)
*1981 – Promo 12" – Island (USA), PRO A 958
*2004 Release – Ze Records (USA), ZEREC 1207 (12")
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Bustin' Loose

2012-05-16T21:46:39Z

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'''Bustin' Loose''' may refer to:

*[[Bustin' Loose (film)|''Bustin' Loose'' (film)]], a 1981 film
*[[Bustin' Loose (album)|''Bustin' Loose'' (album)]], the soundtrack to the 1981 film
*[[Bustin' Loose (TV series)|''Bustin' Loose'' (TV series)]], a 1980s television show
*"[[Bustin' Loose (song)]]", a 1979 hit for Chuck Brown & the Soul Searchers
*''[[Busting Loose]]'', an album by Peggy Scott-Adams
*[[Busting Loose (TV series)|''Busting Loose'' (TV series)]], a 1970s television series
==See also==
*[[Bustin' Out ]]
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Midnight sun

2012-05-16T21:45:12Z

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The '''midnight sun''' is a [[natural phenomenon]] occurring in summer months at [[latitude]]s north and nearby to the north of the [[Arctic Circle]], and south and nearby to the south of the [[Antarctic Circle]] where the [[sun]] remains visible at the local midnight. Given fair weather, the sun is visible for a continuous 24 hours, mostly north of the Arctic Circle and south of the Antarctic Circle. The number of days per year with potential midnight sun increases the farther poleward one goes from the equator. Although approximately defined by the polar circles, in practice midnight sun can be seen as much as 90 km beyond the polar circle, because the sun is a disk and not a point, and the exact latitudes of the farthest reaches of midnight sun depend on topography and vary slightly year-to-year.

There are no permanent human settlements south of the Antarctic Circle, so the countries and territories whose populations experience it are limited to the ones crossed by the Arctic Circle, e.g. [[Canada]] ([[Yukon]], [[Northwest Territories]], and [[Nunavut]]), [[Kingdom of Denmark|Denmark]] ([[Greenland]]), [[Finland]], [[Sápmi (area)|Sápmi]], [[Norway]], [[Russia]], [[Sweden]], the [[United States]] ([[Alaska]]), and extremities of [[Iceland]]. A quarter of [[Finland]]'s territory lies north of the [[Arctic Circle]] and at the country's northernmost point the sun does not set at all for 60 days during summer. In [[Svalbard]], Norway, the northernmost inhabited region of Europe, there is no sunset from approximately 19 April to 23 August. The extreme sites are the poles where the sun can be continuously visible for a half year.

The opposite phenomenon, [[polar night]], occurs in winter when the sun stays below the [[horizon]] throughout the day.

Since the Earth's axis is tilted with respect to the [[ecliptic]] by approximately 23 degrees 27 minutes, the sun does not set at high latitudes in (local) summer. The duration of the midnight sun increases from one day during the summer [[solstice]] at the [[polar circle]] to approximately six months at the poles. At extreme latitudes, it is usually referred to as '''polar day'''. The length of the time the sun is above the horizon varies from a couple of days at the Arctic Circle and Antarctic Circle to 186 days at the [[Geographical pole|poles]].

At the poles themselves, the sun only rises once and sets once each year. During the six months when the sun is above the horizon at the poles, the sun spends the days constantly moving around the horizon, reaching its highest circuit of the sky at the summer solstice.

Due to refraction, the midnight sun may be experienced at latitudes slightly below the polar circle, though not exceeding one degree (depending on local conditions). For example, it is possible to experience the midnight sun in Iceland, even though most of it ([[Grímsey]] being a notable exception) is slightly south of the Arctic Circle. Even the northern extremities of [[Scotland]] (and those places on similar latitudes) experience a permanent "dusk" or glare in the northern skies at these times.

==In fiction==
* In the film ''[[Insomnia (1997 film)|Insomnia]]'' and its [[Insomnia (2002 film)|American remake]], the [[protagonist]] suffers from insomnia partially brought on by the midnight sun while investigating a murder north of the Arctic Circle (Norway in the original, and Alaska in the remake).
* In "[[The Midnight Sun]]", an episode of ''[[The Twilight Zone]]'', the Earth is on a collision course with the sun, causing a midnight sun effect.
* The episode of ''[[Northern Exposure]]'' entitled ''Midnight Sun'' explores the effects of the phenomenon on the small Alaskan town's residents.
* In the [[Stephen Sondheim]] musical '[[A Little Night Music]]', the two Night Waltzes deal specifically with the phenomenon of Midnight Sun.

==See also==

* [[Eagle Summit (Alaska)|Eagle Summit]], which experiences midnight sun despite being south of the Arctic Circle because of altitude
* [[Land of the Midnight Sun]]
* [[Polar night]] - The opposite phenomenon experienced in winter: a day without sunrise.

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Call It Stormy Monday (But Tuesday Is Just as Bad)

2012-05-16T21:44:17Z

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"'''Call It Stormy Monday (But Tuesday Is Just As Bad)'''" (also known as "'''Call It Stormy Monday'''" or just "'''Stormy Monday'''") is a [[blues]] song written by [[T-Bone Walker]] and first recorded in 1947. Confusingly, it is also sometimes referred to as "[[Stormy Monday Blues]]", although that is the title of a 1942 song by [[Earl Hines]] and [[Billy Eckstine]]. Walker titled his song as he did to avoid the name collision.

The song's initial release (1947) is based on the standard [[12-bar blues]] format. The lyrics portray a person who is separated from their love, and is suffering from guilt in some way because of what they have done.

The original recording appeared on [[Black & White Records]], produced by [[Ralph Bass]], and was one of Walker's breakthrough sides in pioneering the idiom of [[electric guitar|electric blues guitar]]. This recording also featured smoky [[trumpet]] work from sideman [[Teddy Buckner]]. It reached number five on the R&B charts in 1948. [[B.B. King]] has said that "Call It Stormy Monday" inspired him to begin playing electric guitar.

Walker re-recorded the song with better fidelity and a somewhat different arrangement on his classic 1959 [[Atlantic Records]] album ''T-Bone Blues''.

The song became a standard for [[blues]] and [[blues rock]] artists, and over the years was recorded by [[Albert King]], [[Eva Cassidy]], [[Chris Farlowe]], [[Question Mark and the Mysterians]], [[Jethro Tull (band)|Jethro Tull]], [[Eric Clapton]], [[Shake Your Hips!]], [[Lee Michaels]], and others. Trouble ensued when artists named it "Stormy Monday Blues", however, as for instance [[Bobby Bland]] did on a well-known rendition, as it was mis-credited and royalties went to the Hines-Eckstine song rather than Walker's. This may have also happened on some of the treatments that were just called "Stormy Monday".

[[The Allman Brothers Band]] included a live performance (as "Stormy Monday") on their album ''[[At Fillmore East]]'' in 1971. It garnered considerable airplay on [[progressive rock (radio format)|progressive rock]] and [[album-oriented rock]] radio formats during the 1970s.

The 1988 [[Mike Figgis]] film ''[[Stormy Monday]]'' was named for the song, and includes [[B. B. King]]'s performance of it over the opening credits.{{GFDL}}

Moody's Mood for Love

2012-05-16T21:43:30Z

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'''"Moody's Mood for Love"''' is [[jazz]] [[saxophone|saxophonist]] [[James Moody (saxophonist)|James Moody]]'s 1949 instrumental solo based on Jimmy McHugh's 1935 song "[[I'm in the Mood for Love]]" with lyrics later added by [[Eddie Jefferson]].
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Hot in Herre

2012-05-16T21:42:45Z

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"'''Hot in Herre'''" is a popular song and [[Single (Music)| single]] performed by the [[Hip hop music|hip-hop]] artist [[Nelly]], and was released in 2002 as the first single on his album ''[[Nellyville]]''. The song's producers were [[The Neptunes]]. "Hot in Herre" incorporates the hook from [[go-go]] performer [[Chuck Brown]]'s 1979 #1 R&B hit "[[Bustin' Loose]]."
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Johnny Mercer

2012-05-16T21:42:34Z

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'''John Herndon "Johnny" Mercer''' (November 18, 1909 – June 25, 1976) was an American [[lyricist]], [[songwriter]] and [[singer]]. He is best known as a lyricist, but he also composed music. He was also a popular singer who recorded his own songs as well as those written by others. From the mid-1930s through the mid-1950s, many of the songs Mercer wrote and performed were among the most popular hits of the time. He wrote the lyrics to more than fifteen hundred songs, including compositions for movies and Broadway shows. He received nineteen Academy Award nominations, and won four. Mercer was also a co-founder of [[Capitol Records]].

==Songs==
Lyrics by Mercer, unless noted.

He wrote many other songs, some of which have entered the [[Great American Songbook]]:

* "[[Lazybones (song)|Lazy Bones]]" (1933) (music by [[Hoagy Carmichael]])
* "Save the Bones for Henry Jones"
* "Moon Dreams" with [[Chummy MacGregor]]
* "[[P.S. I Love You (1934 song)|P.S. I Love You]]" (1934) (music by [[Gordon Jenkins]])
* "[[Goody Goody]]" (1936) (music by [[Matty Malneck]])
* "[[I'm an Old Cowhand from the Rio Grande]]" (1936)
* "[[Hooray for Hollywood]]" (1937) (music by [[Richard A. Whiting]])
* "[[Too Marvelous for Words]]" (1937) (music by [[Richard A. Whiting]])
* "[[You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby]]" (1938) (music by [[Harry Warren]])
* "[[Jeepers Creepers (song)|Jeepers, Creepers!]]" ([[1938 in music|1938]]) (music by [[Harry Warren]])
* "[[And the Angels Sing]]" (1939) (music by [[Ziggy Elman]])
* "[[Day In, Day Out]]" (1939) (music by [[Rube Bloom]])
* "[[I Thought About You]]" (1939) (music by [[Jimmy Van Heusen]])
* "[[Wings Over the Navy]]" (1939) (music by [[Harry Warren]])
* "[[Cuckoo in the Clock]]" (1939) (music by [[Walter Donaldson]])
* "[[Fools Rush In (song)|Fools Rush In]]" (1940) (music by [[Rube Bloom]])
* "[[Blues In The Night]]" (1941) (music by [[Harold Arlen]])
* "I Had Myself A True Love" (music by [[Harold Arlen]])
* "[[I Remember You (1941 song)|I Remember You]]" (1941) (music by [[Victor Schertzinger]])
* "[[Tangerine (1941 song)|Tangerine]]" (1941) (music by [[Victor Schertzinger]])
* "[[This Time the Dream's on Me]]" (1941) (music by [[Harold Arlen]])
* "[[Hit The Road To Dreamland]]" (1942) (music by [[Harold Arlen]])
* "[[That Old Black Magic (song)|That Old Black Magic]]" (1942) (music by [[Harold Arlen]])
* "[[Trav'lin' Light (song)|Trav'lin' Light]]" (1942) (music by Jimmy Mundy and James Osborne "Trummy" Young)
* "[[Skylark (song)|Skylark]]" (1942) (music by [[Hoagy Carmichael]])
* "[[Dearly Beloved (song)|Dearly Beloved]]" (1942) (music by [[Jerome Kern]])
* "[[I'm Old Fashioned]]" (1942) (music by [[Jerome Kern]])
* "[[My Shining Hour]]" (1943) (music by [[Harold Arlen]])
* "[[One for My Baby (and One More for the Road)]]" (1943) (music by [[Harold Arlen]]; theme song of the 1957-1958 [[NBC]] [[detective]] series, ''[[Meet McGraw]]'', starring [[Frank Lovejoy]])
* "[[Dream (song)|Dream]]" (1943) (words and music by Johnny Mercer)
* "[[Ac-Cent-Tchu-Ate the Positive]]" (1944) (music by [[Harold Arlen]])
* "[[Out of This World (Johnny Mercer song)|Out of This World]]" (1945) (music by [[Harold Arlen]])
* "[[On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe]]" (1945) (music by [[Harry Warren]])
* "[[Laura (1945 song)|Laura]]" (1945) (music by [[David Raksin]])
* "[[Come Rain or Come Shine (song)|Come Rain Or Come Shine]]" (1946) (music by [[Harold Arlen]])
* "[[Any Place I Hang My Hat Is Home]]" (1946) (music by [[Harold Arlen]])
* "[[Autumn Leaves (song)|Autumn Leaves]]" (1947) (music by [[Joseph Kosma]])
* "[[Glow Worm (song)|Glow Worm]]" (1952) (music [[Paul Lincke]])
* "[[Satin Doll]]" (1953) (music by [[Duke Ellington]] and [[Billy Strayhorn]])
* "[[Midnight Sun(song)|Midnight Sun]]" (1954) (music by [[Lionel Hampton]] and [[Sonny Burke]])
* "[[Something's Gotta Give (song)|Something's Gotta Give]]" (1954) (words and music by Johnny Mercer)
* "[[Jubilation T. Cornpone]]" (1956) (music by [[Gene de Paul]])
* "[[I'm Past My Prime]]" (1956) (music by [[Gene de Paul]])
* "[[Moon River]]" (1961) (music by [[Henry Mancini]])
* "[[Days of Wine and Roses (song)|Days of Wine and Roses]]" (1962) (music by [[Henry Mancini]])
* "[[I Wanna Be Around]]" (1962) (words and music by Johnny Mercer and Sadie Vimmerstedt)
* "[[Charade (1963 song)|Charade]]" (1963) (music by [[Henry Mancini]])
* "[[Lorna (song)|Lorna]]" (1964) (music by [[Mort Lindsey]])
* "[[Emily (Johnny Mandel and Johnny Mercer song)|Emily]]" (1964) (music by [[Johnny Mandel]])
* "[[Summer Wind]]" (1965) (music by [[Henry Mayer]])
* "[[Whistling Away The Dark]]" (1970) (music by [[Henry Mancini]]; from the film [[Darling Lili]])
* "[[Drinking Again]]" (with [[Doris Tauber]])
* "[[When October Goes]]" (music by [[Barry Manilow]])

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Ashley's Roachclip

2012-05-16T21:30:06Z

Summary:

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'''"Ashley's Roachclip"''' is an instrumental song by funk group [[Chuck Brown|The Soul Searchers]] from their 1974 album ''[[Salt of the Earth (The Soul Searchers album)|Salt of the Earth]]'' on [[Sussex Records]]. A portion of the song from 3:30-3:50 contains a widely recognized [[drum break]] that has been sampled countless times in songs across several genres.

== Songs that sample "Ashley's Roachclip" ==
* [[2 Live Crew]] - "Ghetto Bass II"
* [[3rd Bass]] - "Oval Office"
* [[Antoinette (rapper)|Antoinette]] - "Unfinished Business"
* Antoinette - "Watch the Gangstress Boogie"
* Black Rock & Ron - "Out of My Head"
* [[Color Me Badd]] - "Choose"
* [[The Conscious Daughters]] - "Princess of Poetry"
* [[Chapterhouse]] - "Falling Down"
* [[C-Block]] - So Strung Out
* [[Cutty Ranks]] - "The Stopper"
* [[Duran Duran]] - "Come Undone"
* [[DJ Mark the 45 King]] - "Roach Clip"
* [[Eazy-E]] - "Gimme That Nutt"
* [[EMF (band)|EMF]] - "Unbelievable"
* [[Eric B and Rakim]] - "[[I Know You Got Soul]]"
* Eric B and Rakim - "[[Paid in Full]]"
* Fear of a Black Planet - "I'm Just a Human"
* [[Frost (rapper)|Frost]] - "Family Affair"
* Get the Fist Movement - "Get the Fist"
* [[Geto Boys]] - "Scarface"
* [[The Go! Team]] - "Ladyflash" (samples flute solo, not drum break)
* [[Ice Cube]] - "Jackin' for Beats"
* Insane Poetry - "Angel of Death"
* [[Kris Kross]] - "Methods of Dropping Mental"
* [[LL Cool J]] - "Jack the Ripper"
* [[Masters at Work]] - "Jus' a Lil' Dope"
* Mekon - "Phatty's Lunch Box"
* [[Milli Vanilli]] - "All or Nothing"
* Milli Vanilli - "Blame it on the Rain"
* Milli Vanilli - "Baby, don't forget my number"
* Milli Vanilli - "[[Girl You Know It's True]]"
* [[Moby]] - "First Cool Hive"
* [[Nice & Smooth]] - "Down the Line"
* [[PM Dawn]] - "Set Adrift on Memory Bliss"
* [[Raw Fusion]] - "Hang Time"
* [[Run-DMC]] - "Run's House"
* S.O.U.L. S.Y.S.T.E.M. - "It's Gonna Be a Lovely Day"
* [[Scarface (rapper)|Scarface]] - "Mr. Scarface Pt 3 - The Final Chapter - He's Dead"
* Style - "Just a Little Something"
* [[Sweet Tee|Sweet T]] - "I Got the Feelin"
* [[The Grouch (rapper)|The Grouch]] - "Too Much On It"
* Twin Hype - "Nothin' Could Save Ya"
* [[Lloyd (singer)|Lloyd]] feat. [[Lil Wayne]] - "Girls Around The World"

== Personnel ==
* Bass - John Euwell
* [[Conga]]s, [[Bongos]] - Lino Druitt
* Drums - Kenneth Scoggins
* Flute, Saxophone - Lloyd Pinchback
* Guitar - Chuck Brown
* Organ - Bennie Braxton
* Percussion - Donald Tillery , John Buchanan , Kenneth Scoggins , Lino Druitt , Lloyd Pinchback
* Trombone, Piano, Synthesizer - John Buchanan
* Trumpet - Donald Tillery

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Gig (musical performance)

2012-05-16T21:08:10Z

Summary:

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'''Gig''' is slang for a musical engagement in which musicians are hired. Originally coined in the 1920s by [[jazz]] musicians, the term, short for the word "engagement", now refers to any aspect of performing such as assisting with performance and attending musical performance. More broadly, the term "gigging" means having paid work, being employed.

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Recital

2012-05-16T21:08:03Z

Summary:

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A '''recital''' is a [[music]]al ([[vocal]] or [[musical instrument|instrument]]al) [[performance]]. It can highlight a single performer, sometimes accompanied by [[piano]], or a performance of the works of a single [[composer]].

The invention of the solo piano recital has been attributed to [[Franz Liszt]].

Also, a recital may have many participants, as for a dance recital. A dance recital is a presentation of choreographed moves for an audience, usually in an established performing arts venue, possibly [[competition|competitively]]. Some dance recitals are seasonal.

==See also==
*[[Organ recital]]
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Entertainment centre

2012-05-16T21:07:56Z

Summary:

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An '''entertainment centre''' is a venue similar to a [[theatre]] in that it hosts [[concerts]] by musical artists or [[comedian]]s and such. Entertainment centres usually range up to around 30,000 people. Many entertainment centres usually have small snack stands in which people can buy food and drinks. In some entertainment centers, such as the gaylord entertainment center in Nashville Tennessee, sports events are held.

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Promenade

2012-05-16T21:06:44Z

Summary:

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# A [[prom]].
# A [[place]] where one takes a [[walk]] for [[leisurely]] [[pleasure]], or for [[exercise]].
#* '''1900''', Sigmund Freud, ''The Interpretation of Dreams'', ''Avon Books'', (translated by James Strachey) pg. 235:
#*: The present dream in particular scarcely left any room for doubt, since the place where my patient fell was the Graben, a part of Vienna notorious as a '''promenade''' for prostitutes.
# A [[dance]] [[motion]] consisting of a [[walk]], done while [[square dance|square dancing]].
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Prom

2012-05-16T21:04:43Z

Summary:

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# a [[promenade]] [[concert]]
# [[promenade]]
# a [[formal]] [[ball]] held at a [[college]] near the end of the [[academic]] [[year]]

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List of people who disappeared mysteriously

2012-05-16T16:58:04Z

Summary:

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The following is a compilation of people who have mysteriously disappeared, whose death is not substantiated, or whose whereabouts are unknown and who may be presumed deceased.

*[[Francois Villon]] - [[France|French]] author-provocateur - [[1465]]
*[[Princes in the Tower]] sons of King [[Edward IV of England]] - [[1483]]
*[[Philip Christoph von Königsmarck]], [[Sweden|Swedish]] [[count]], [[lover]] of [[George I of Great Britain]]'s wife [[Sophia, Princess of Zelle]] - [[1694]]
*[[Benjamin Bathurst]] - [[United Kingdom|British]] [[envoy]] - [[1809]]
*[[Dorothy Arnold]] - [[Manhattan]] [[socialite]] - [[1910]]
*[[Ambrose Bierce]] - Author - [[1913]]
*[[Percy Fawcett]] - [[United Kingdom|British]] [[archaeologist]] and [[explorer]] - [[1925]]
*[[Joseph F. Crater]] - Associate Justice of the [[New York]] State Supreme Court - [[1930]]
*[[Wallace D. Fard]] - [[Nation of Islam]] leader - [[1934]]
*[[Amelia Earhart]] - aviator - [[1937]]
*[[Ettore Majorana]], Italian mathematician - [[1938]]
*[[Andrew Carnegie Whitfield]] - nephew of [[Andrew Carnegie]] - [[1938]]
*[[Richard Halliburton]] - author and adventurer - [[1939]]
*[[Antoine de Saint-Exupéry]] - author and aviator - [[1944]]
*[[Glenn Miller]] - bandleader - [[1944]]
*[[Charles Carroll Taylor]] - leader of [[Flight 19]] - [[1945]]
*[[Jesús María de Galíndez]] - scholar and activist - [[1956]]
*[[Michael Rockefeller]] - son of [[Nelson Rockefeller]] - [[1961]]
*[[Jim Thompson (designer)|Jim Thompson]] - designer famous for Thai silks - [[1967]]
*[[Harold Holt]] - [[Australian]] Prime Minister - [[1967]]
*[[D. B. Cooper]] - skyjacker - [[1971]]
*[[Whitey Bulger]] - leader of organized crime group, the 'Winter Hill gang' - [[1971]]
*[[Hale Boggs]] - [[United States House of Representatives|American Congressman]] - [[1972]]
*[[Richard John Bingham, 7th Earl of Lucan|Lord Lucan]] - dapper murder suspect - [[1974]]
*[[Jimmy Hoffa]] - Union leader - [[1975]]
*[[Andrew Fluegelman]] - programmer, considered the father of [[shareware]] business - [[1985]]
*[[Richey James Edwards]] - member of Welsh rock band the [[Manic Street Preachers]] - [[1995]]
*[[Persons missing after the September 11, 2001 attacks]]
*[[Osama bin Laden]] - terrorist - [[2001]]
*[[Tooker Gomberg]] - [[Canada|Canadian]] politician and activist - [[2004]]

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Barber

2012-05-16T16:16:00Z

Summary:

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A '''barber''' (from the [[Latin]] ''barba'', "[[beard]]") is someone whose occupation is to cut any type of hair, and to [[shaving|shave]] or trim the [[beard]]s of men. The place of work of a barber is generally called a '''barbershop''' or a '''barber's'''.

In previous times, barbers also performed [[surgery]] and [[dentistry]]. Today, with the development of [[safety razor]]s and the decreasing prevalence of beards, in American and Commonwealth culture most barbers specialize in cutting men's hair. Many barbers may still deal with [[facial hair]] if requested.

==See also==

* [[Barber's pole]]
* [[Barber paradox]]
* [[Barber surgeon]]
* [[Beauty salon]]
* [[Hairstyle]]
* [[Cosmetology]]
* [[Facial hair]]
* [[DOVO Solingen]]
* [[Thiers Issard]]
* [[The Barber of Seville]]
* [[Sweeney Todd]]
* [[Barber chair]]
* [[Barbershop music]]
* [[Birds Barbershop]]
* [[Straight razor]]

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Barber surgeon

2012-05-16T15:35:27Z

Summary:

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The '''barber surgeon''' was one of the most common [[medical]] practitioners of [[Middle Ages|medieval Europe]] - generally charged with looking after [[soldiers]] during or after a [[battle]]. In this era, [[surgery]] was not generally conducted by physicians, but by [[barber]]s.

They often took up residence in [[castle]]s where they also provided [[medicine|medical assistance]] to the rich and wealthy.

== In the British Isles in the Middle Ages ==

Formal recognition of their skills (in England at least) goes back to 1540, when the [[Fellowship of Surgeons]] (who existed as a distinct profession, but still not "Doctors/Physicians" as they are thought of today) merged with the [[Company of Barbers]] to form the [[Company of Barber-Surgeons]]. However, the trade was gradually put under pressure by the medical profession and in 1745, the surgeons split from the barbers to form the [[Company of Surgeons]]. In 1800 a [[Royal Charter]] was granted and the [[Royal College of Surgeons of England|Royal College of Surgeons]] in [[London]] came into being (later it was renamed to cover all of England - equivalent Colleges exist for [[Scotland]] and [[Ireland]] as well as many of the old UK colonies).

The last vestige of barber surgeons' links with the medical side of their profession is probably the traditional red and white [[barber's pole]], or a modified instrument from a blacksmith, which is said to represent the blood and bandages associated with their older role. Another link is the UK's use of the title Mr. rather than Dr. for consultants and registrars in surgery (when awarded an MRCS or FRCS diploma). This dates back to the days when surgeons gained an RCS diploma rather than a University Doctoral Degree. Even though all surgeons now have to gain a basic medical degree and doctorate (as well as undergoing several more years training in surgery), they still retain their link with the past, though they no longer perform haircuts, a task the barbers have retained.{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}

== In fiction ==
The TV series ''[[Children of the Stones]]'' featured an enigmatic character described as a Barber-Surgeon (portrayed by [[Freddie Jones]]), who had been mysteriously crushed by a fallen stone in the fictional Milbury [[stone circle]].

In the animated series ''[[The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack]]'', a recurring character named Dr. Barber is shown to offer both hair cuts and surgery to anyone walking by his shop.

In the musical ''[[Man of La Mancha]]'', [[Don Quixote]] and his assistant [[Sancho Panza]] encounter a Barber-Surgeon, who boasts of his abilities to not only give a good shave, but bandage up any mishaps his straight razor might inflict.

The Turkish/Kurdish film ''[[Yol]]'' (1982) depicts a contemporary rural barber performing an emergency dental operation.

==See also==
* [[Elinor Sneshell]]
* [[Feldsher]]

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Carpe diem

2012-05-16T15:34:45Z

Summary: .

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'''''Carpe diem''''' is a phrase from a [[Latin]] poem by [[Horace]] (see [[#Source|"Source"]] section below) that has become an [[aphorism]]. It is popularly translated as "seize the day". ''Carpe'' literally means "to pick, pluck, pluck off, cull, crop, gather", but [[Ovid]] used the word in the sense of, "to enjoy, seize, use, make use of".

==Popular culture==
John Keating, a character played by [[Robin Williams]] in the film ''[[Dead Poets Society]]'' (1989) says, "Carpe diem. Seize the day, boys. Make your lives extraordinary." The [[American Film Institute]] ranked this line number 95 in its list of the [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes|100 best quotations in American film history]], and the phrase was also the title of a soundtrack in the movie. In the Oscar-winning short ''[[Harvie Krumpet]]'', Harvie's empty life is changed completely when he sees the inscription underneath a statue of Horace, prompting him to seize the day and do as he pleases.

Carpe Diem is the name of a song by [[Authority Zero]]. [[Seize the Day (Avenged Sevenfold song)|Seize the Day]] is name of a song by American metal band [[Avenged Sevenfold]], from their 2005 album [[City of Evil]]. 'Carpe Diem Baby' is name of a song by American heavy metal band [[Metallica]], from their 1997 album [[ReLoad]]. 'Carpe Diem' is name of a song by American progressive metalcore band [[August Burns Red]], from their 2011 album [[Leveler (album)|Leveler]]. Carpe Diem is the name of Japanese rock band [[Aqua Timez]]'s 2011 album, and is the name of a song by [[punk rock]] band [[Green Day]]. The song [[A Change of Seasons]] by [[Dream Theater]] also references the concept of Carpe Diem, and quotes the aforementioned painting [[Gather Ye Rosebuds While Ye May]]. American [[Alternative metal]] band [[Egypt Central]] used the term in their song Change from their 2011 album [[White Rabbit (Egypt Central album)|White Rabbit]]. It was used as the name of a trophy/achievement in the 2011 video game Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3.

Author [[Terry Pratchett]] parodied the phrase in his novel, [[Carpe Jugulum]], which he translated as "go for the throat."

"Seize the Day" is the name of a song on the 2010 album "Big Slice" by the Canadian rock band Jonas & The Massive Attraction.

"Carpe Diem" is a song in the series [[Phineas and Ferb]] .

"Seize The Day" is a song by Avenged Sevenfold

"Seize The Day" is a musical number from the musical "Newsies"

==See also==
[[Tempus fugit]]

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Francois Villon: His Life And Times 1431-1463

2012-05-16T15:23:46Z

Summary:

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[[Francois Villon: His Life And Times 1431-1463]] (1916) [http://archive.org/details/franoisvillonh00stacuoft] is a book by [[Henry De Vere Stacpoole]].

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Ballade de la belle heaumière aux filles de joie

2012-05-16T15:09:06Z

Summary:

{{Template}}
:http://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Page%3A%C5%92uvres_compl%C3%A8tes_de_Fran%C3%A7ois_Villon.djvu/42

Ballade de la belle Heaulmiere aux filles de joie

« Or y pensez, belle Gantiere
Qui escoliere souliez estre,
Et vous, Blanche la Savetiere,
Or est il temps de vous cognoistre :
Prenez a destre et a senestre,
N'espargniez homme, je vous prie,
Car vielles n'ont ne cours ne estre
Ne que monnoye qu'on descrye.

« Et vous, la gente Saulcissiere,
Qui de dancer estes adestre,
Guillemete la Tappiciere,
Ne mesprenez vers vostre maistre :
Tost vous fauldra clore fenestre ;
Quant deviendrez, vielle, fleterye,
Plus ne servirez q'un viel prestre
Ne que monnoye c'on descrye.

« Jehanneton la Chapperonniere,
Gardez qu'amy ne vous empestre ;
Et Katherine la Bourciere,
N'envoyez plus les hommes paistre,
Car qui belle n'est ne perpestre
Leur male grace mais leur rie,
Laide viellesse amour n'impestre
Ne que monnoye c'on descrye.

« Filles, vueilliez vous entremectre
D'escouter pourquoy pleure et crye :
Pource que je ne me puis mectre
Ne que monnoye c'on descrye.»
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Thieves' cant

2012-05-16T14:48:50Z

Summary:

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'''Thieves' cant''' or '''Rogues' cant''' was a secret language (a ''[[cant (language)|cant]]'' or ''cryptolect'') which was formerly used by thieves, beggars and hustlers of various kinds in [[Great Britain]] and to a lesser extent in other [[English-speaking]] countries. The classic, colourful [[argot]] is now mostly obsolete, and is largely relegated to the realm of literature and [[fantasy role-playing]], although individual terms continue to be used in the criminal subcultures of both Britain and the U.S.. Its South German and Swiss equivalent is the [[Rotwelsch]].

==History==
It was claimed by [[Samuel Rid]] that thieves' cant was devised around 1530 “to the end that their cozenings, knaveries and villainies might not so easily be perceived and known”, by [[King of the Gypsies#Cock Lorel|Cock Lorel]] and the [[King of the Gypsies]] at [[Peak Cavern|The Devils Arse, a cave]] in [[Derbyshire]]. It does seem to have originated in this period but the story is almost certainly a myth.

[[Cant (language)|Cant]] was a common feature of [[rogue literature]] of the [[Elizabethan]] period in [[England]], in both [[pamphlets]] and [[theatre|Elizabethan theatre]]. [[Thomas Harman]], who claimed to be a [[Justice of the Peace]], included examples in his ''Caveat for Common Cursitors'' (1566). He claimed that he collected his information from [[Vagabond (person)|vagabonds]] he interrogated at his home in [[Essex]]. He also called it “pedlars’ French” or “pelting speech”, and said he was told that it had been invented as a secret language some 30 years earlier. The earliest records of canting words are included in ''The Highway to the Spitalfields'' by [[Robert Copland]] c.1536. Copland and Harman were used as sources by later writers. A spate of rogue literature started in 1591 with [[Robert Greene (16th century)|Robert Greene]]'s series of five pamphlets on [[cozenage]] and [[coney-catching]]. These were continued by other writers, including [[Thomas Middleton]], in ''The Black Book'' and [[Thomas Dekker (poet)|Thomas Dekker]], in ''The Bellman of London'' (1608), ''Lantern and Candlelight'' (1608) and ''O per se O'' (1612). Cant was included together with descriptions of the social structure of beggars, the techniques of thieves including coney-catching, [[gull-groping]] and [[Gambling|gaming]] tricks, and the descriptions of [[low life]] of the kind which have always been popular in literature. Many of these [[pamphlets]] borrowed from earlier works, sometimes wholesale.

Harman included a canting [[dictionary]] which was copied by Thomas Dekker and other writers. That such words were known to a wide audience is evidenced by the use of cant words in [[Literature in English#Jacobean literature|Jacobean]] theatre. Middleton and Dekker included it in ''The Roaring Girl, or Moll Cut-Purse'' (1611). It was used extensively in ''The [[Beggars' Bush]]'', a play by [[Francis Beaumont]], [[John Fletcher (playwright)|John Fletcher]] and [[Philip Massinger]], first performed in 1622, but possibly written c.1614. The play remained popular for two centuries, and the canting section was extracted as ''The Beggars Commonwealth'' by [[Francis Kirkman]] as one of the [[droll]]s he published for performance at markets, fairs and camps.

The influence of this work can be seen from the independent life taken on by the "Beggar King Clause", who appears as a real character in later literature. The ceremony for anointing the new king was taken from Thomas Harman and described as being used by [[Romani people|Gypsies]] in the nineteenth century. [[Bampfylde Moore Carew]], who published his [[picaresque]] ''Life'' in 1745, claimed to have been chosen to succeed "Clause Patch" as King of the Beggars, and many editions of his work included a canting dictionary. Such dictionaries, often based on Harman’s, remained popular, including ''[[The Canting Academy, or Devils Cabinet opened]]'', by [[Richard Head]] (1673), and BE's ''[[A New Dictionary of the Terms Ancient and Modern of the Canting Crew|Dictionary of the Canting Crew]]'' (1699).

Some words from thieves’ cant continued to be used into the twentieth century combined with [[slang]] words from eighteenth century London.

In June 2009 it was reported that inmates in one English prison were using "Elizabethan Cant" as a means of communication that guards would not understand, although the words used are not part of the canon of recognised cant.

==Sources for Cant==

It was commonly believed that cant developed from [[Angloromani language|Romany]]. Etymological research now suggests a substantial correlation between Romany words and cant, and equivalents, in many European languages. However, in England & Wales this does not apply. The ''Egyptians'', as they were known, were a separate group from the standard vagabonds, and cant was fully developed within 50 years of their first arrival in England. Comparison of Gypsy words in the [[Winchester Confessions]] taken in 1616 with modern [[Angloromani language|Welsh Romany]] show high commonality. This record also distinguished between Gypsy and Cant words and again the attributions of the words to the different categories is consistent with later records.

There is doubt as to the extent to which the words in canting literature were taken from street usage, or were adopted by those wishing to show that they were part of a real or imagined criminal underworld. The transmission has almost certainly been in both directions. The [[Winchester Confessions]] indicate that Gypsies engaged in criminal activities, or those associated with them and with a good knowledge of their language, were using cant, but as a separate vocabulary - Angloromani was used for day to day matters, while Cant was used for criminal activities. A thief in 1839 claimed that the cant he had seen in print was nothing like the cant then used by gypsies, thieves and beggars. He also said that each of these used distinct vocabularies, which overlapped; the gypsies having a cant word for everything, and the beggars using a lower style than the thieves.

==Examples==

*''Shigadern dern der'' - A well-bred horse used in the agricultural industry
*''Aposjafwam'' - A poor mark, business will be better elsewhere
*''Blaskasily wontramoe'' - A hard night's work
*''Gurvectens masoblius'' - Grave robbing assignment
*''Shurdega ot pier'' - Atonement for sins of the father; payback
*''Jurnikalast'' - Plot (noun)

==See also==
*[[Rotwelsch]]
*[[Fenya]]
*[[Bargoens]]
*[[Germanía]]
*[[Argot]]
*''[[A New Dictionary of the Terms Ancient and Modern of the Canting Crew]]''

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Quatrain

2012-05-16T13:51:54Z

Summary:

{{Template}}
A '''quatrain''' is a [[stanza]], or a complete [[poem]], consisting of four lines of verse.

Existing in various forms, the quatrain appears in [[poem]]s from the poetic traditions of various ancient civilizations including [[Ancient Greece]], [[Ancient Rome]], and [[Classical Chinese poetry forms|China]]; and, continues into the 21st century, where it is seen in works published in many languages. During Europe's [[Dark Ages (historiography)|Dark Ages]], in the Middle East and especially Iran, [[polymath]] poets such as [[Omar Khayyam]] continued to popularize this form of poetry, also known as [[Rubaai]], well beyond their borders and time. It can be AAAA, AABB, or ABAB.

==Forms==
*The ''heroic stanza'' or ''elegiac stanza'' ([[iambic pentameter]], rhyming ABAB or AABB; from [[Thomas Gray]]'s "[[Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard]]")
: The curfew tolls the knell of parting day,
: The lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea,
: The plowman homeward plods his weary way,
: And leaves the world to darkness and to me.

*The [[Ruba'i]] form of rhymed quatrain was favored by [[Omar Khayyám]], among others. This work was a major inspiration for [[Edward FitzGerald (poet)|Edward FitzGerald's]] ''[[Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam]]'', written in nyan cat. The ''ruba'i'' was a particularly widespread verse form: the form ''rubaiyat'' reflects the plural. One of FitzGerald's verses may serve to illustrate:
:Come, fill the Cup, and in the fire of Spring
:Your Winter garment of Repentance fling:
::The Bird of Time has but a little way
:To flutter--and the Bird is on the Wing.

*The [[Midnight Songs poetry]] form is from Fourth Century China, consisting of regular five-character lines, with each quatrain formed from a pair of rhymed couplets. The subject matter involves the personal thoughts and feelings of a courtesan during the four seasons, into which the quatrains are individually assigned.

*[[Shairi]] (also known as Rustavelian Quatrain) is an AAAA rhyming form used mainly in [[The Knight in the Panther's Skin]].

*The [[Shichigon-zekku]] form used in [[Classical Chinese poetry]] and [[Japanese language|Japanese]] poetry. This type of quatrain uses a seven characters length of line. Both rhyme and rhythm are key elements, although the former is not restricted to falling at the end of the phrase.

*[[Ballad]] meter (The examples from "The Unquiet Grave" and "The Wife of Usher's Well" are both examples of ballad meter.)
*[[Decasyllabic quatrain]] used by [[John Dryden]] in [[Annus Mirabilis (poem)|Annus Mirabilis]], [[William Davenant]] in ''Gondibert'', and [[Thomas Gray]]
*Various [[hymn]]s employ specific forms, such as the ''common meter'', ''long meter'', and ''short meter''.
*The thirty syllable, Celtic verse form [[Englyn]] from the Welsh language is another interesting variation of the quatrain, and is also now popular in the English language.

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Octosyllable

2012-05-16T13:51:49Z

Summary:

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The '''octosyllable''' or '''octosyllabic verse''' is a [[Meter (poetry)|line]] of verse with eight [[syllable]]s. It is equivalent to [[tetrameter]] verse in [[Iamb (foot)|iambs]] or [[trochee]]s in languages with a [[stress accent]]. It is often used in [[French language|French]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] poetry. While commonly used in [[couplet]]s, typical [[stanza]]s using octosyllables are: [[décima]], some [[quatrain]]s, [[redondilla]].

In Spanish verse, an octosyllable is a line that has its seventh syllable stressed, on the principle that this would normally be the penultimate syllable of a word (''Lengua Castellana y Literatura'', ed. Grazalema Santillana. El Verso y su Medida, p. 46). If the final word of a line does not fit this pattern, the line could have eight or seven or nine syllables (as normally counted), thus -
:1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / Gra/NA/da
:1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / Ma/DRID
:1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 / MA/(la)/ga

In [[Medieval French literature]], the octosyllable [[rhyme]]d [[couplet]] was the most common verse form used in verse [[chronicle]]s, [[Romance (heroic literature)|romance]]s (the ''romans''), ''[[lai]]s'' and ''[[dit]]s''. The meter reached Spain in the 14th century, although commonly with a more varied rhyme scheme than the couplet. The French octosyllablic verse came to England via the Anglo-Norman poets from the 12th-13th centuries and influenced 4 stress tetrameter verse used in narration (as in [[Chaucer]]).

==See also==
* [[meter (poetry)]]
* [[dodecasyllable]] - 12 syllable line
* [[decasyllable]] - 10 syllable line

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Pontoise

2012-05-16T13:50:51Z

Summary:

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'''Pontoise''' is a [[Communes of France|commune]] in the northwestern suburbs of [[Paris]], [[France]]. It is located {{convert|28.4|km|mi|abbr=on}} from the [[Kilometre Zero#France|centre of Paris]], in the "[[new town#France|new town]]" of [[Cergy-Pontoise]].
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Je suis François, dont il me poise

2012-05-16T13:49:21Z

Summary:

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'''Quatrain''' is a four-line poem by French poet [[François Villon]][http://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Le_quatrain_que_feit_Villon_quand_il_fut_jug%C3%A9_%C3%A0_mourir]. It is not to be confused with the ''[[Ballade des pendus]]''.

:Je suis Françoys, dont il me poise
:Né de Paris emprès Pontoise,
:Et de la corde d'une toise
:Sçaura mon col que mon cul poise.

:I am Francois which is my cross
:Born in Paris near Pontoise
:From a fathom of rope my neck
:Will learn the weight of my ass. --Translated by [[Galway Kinnell]].

French historian [[Auguste Longnon]] had identified a certain Etienne Garnier as the jailer of the [[Conciergerie]] to which this poem was written.

== Versification : étude du ''Quatrain'' ==

Ce petit poème, sans doute écrit alors que, fatigué de vivre et fataliste, Villon n'a pas encore interjeté appel et attend son exécution par pendaison, renferme en quatre [[octosyllabe]]s la quintessence de l'art de Villon, son désarroi et sa haine farouche de la fuite du temps et de la mort, ainsi que son humour et sa vivacité d'esprit, toujours présents.

Tout d'abord, voici le [[quatrain]] dont il est question, ainsi que sa transcription en français moderne :
<center>
{| border="0" style="padding-left:40px;" width="80%"
|-----
| valign="top" |
Je suis François, dont il me poise 
Né de Paris emprès Pontoise 
Et de la corde d'une toise 
Saura mon col que mon cul poise
| valign="top" |
« Je suis François et cela me pèse 
Né à Paris près de Pontoise 
Et de la corde d'une toise 
Mon cou saura ce que mon cul pèse »
|}</center>

;Vers 1
:Le quatrain débute par un [[jeu de mots]] sur son prénom, « François », qui signifie aussi « Français » : ce double sens est présenté par Villon comme un double coup du sort. Dans un cas, ce qui lui pèse et l'accable (« me poise »), c'est tout simplement d'être lui-même, d'avoir connu cette vie d'errance et de misère. Il a vécu comme un miséreux, il se prépare à mourir comme tel. L'autre fardeau, c'est sa nationalité. Et pour cause, Robin Daugis, pourtant bien plus impliqué que lui dans l'affaire Ferrebouc, a bénéficié en tant que [[États de Savoie|savoyard]] d'une justice moins expéditive. Il attend d'ailleurs en vain son procès, jusqu'en novembre où il est gracié à l'occasion de la venue à Paris du [[Louis Ier de Savoie|Duc de Savoie]].

;Vers 2 :
:Inversion de l'ordre hiérarchique entre les villes : [[Pontoise]] qui semble prendre le pas sur [[Paris]], n'est pas choisie au hasard ou pour la [[rime]]. Le prévôt de Paris qui fait condamner Villon est Jacques de Villiers, seigneur de L'Isle-Adam, près Pontoise... Cette ville est en outre réputée pour sa langue châtiée ; le contraste avec le dernier vers n'en est que plus plaisant... Jean Dufournet remarque aussi qu'elle dépend pour les affaires de justice de la prévôté de Paris. Amère conclusion : quel que soit l'ordre d'importance des cités, Villon est pris au piège et ne peut échapper au [[Prévôt (Ancien Régime)|prévôt]] et à ses décisions.

;Vers 3 et 4 :
:S'ils sont explicites et ne renferment apparemment pas de sens caché, ils sont du point de vue de la [[versification]] admirables. Il y a tout d'abord l'[[allitération]] de « mon col » et « mon cul » symétriques par rapport à « que ». Ensuite, on remarque une [[assonance]] à la [[césure (métrique)|césure]] entre « corde » et « col ». Le tout provoque une accélération du [[Rythme (poésie)|rythme]] qui nous entraîne des deux premiers vers au [[Registre de langue|niveau de langue]] châtié et au contenu presque administratif (Villon déclinant son identité) aux deux suivants qui dévoilent la plaisanterie et utilisent un langage populaire voire argotique (« la corde d'une toise » correspondant au [[gibet]]) pour arriver en apothéose à la vulgarité du mot « cul » repoussé à l'extrême limite du quatrain.

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Auguste Longnon

2012-05-16T13:43:20Z

Summary:

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'''Auguste''' Honoré '''Longnon''' à [[Paris]] était un archiviste et [[historien]] français, spécialiste de la [[Gaule]] romaine.

== Publications ==
*''Étude sur les ''[[pagus|pagi]]'' de la Gaule'', 1869-1872
*''Paris pendant la domination anglaise (1420-1436)'', Paris, Champion, 1878
*''Géographie de la gaule au {{s-|VI|e}}'', 1878
*''Atlas historique de la France depuis César jusqu'à nos jours'', 1884-1907
*''Dictionnaire topographique du département de la Marne'', 1891
*''Documents relatifs au comté de Champagne et Brie'', 1901-1911
*''Les Noms de Lieux de la France'', 1920
** Réédition : Auguste Longnon, ''Les noms de lieu de la France'' : leur origine, leur signification, leurs transformations : résumé des conférences de toponomastique générale faites à l’École pratique des hautes études, section des sciences historiques et philologiques, publié par Paul Marichal et [[Léon Mirot]], préface de [[Jacques Chaurand]], [[Éditions Honoré Champion]], Paris, 1999, XV pages + 831 pages, {{unité|23|cm}}, {{ISBN|2-7453-0046-6}}, « réimpression de l’édition de Paris, 1929 »
*''Le diocèse de Coutances: Pouillés de la province de Rouen'', Paris, Imprimerie nationale, 1903
*''La formation de l'unité française, leçons professées au Collège de France en 1889-1890'', publiées par H.-François Delaborde, Picard, 1922
* ''Origines et formation de la nationalité française'', Nouvelle Librairie Nationale, 1912

'''Sur François Villon'''
*''Oeuvres complètes de François Villon'', Paris, Lemerre, 1872
*''François Villon et ses légataires'', Paris, Lemerre, 1873
*''Étude biographique sur François Villon, d'après les documents inédits conservés aux Archives nationales'', Paris, Henri Menu, 1877
*''Oeuvres de François Villon, publiées avec une introduction'', Paris, Champion, 1911

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Travail

2012-05-16T12:58:58Z

Summary:

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# Work, especially when [[arduous]] or [[painful]]; excessive labor, [[suffering]].

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French Arthurian Literature: Eleven Old French Narrative Lays

2012-05-16T12:53:59Z

Summary:

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''[[French Arthurian Literature: Eleven Old French Narrative Lays]]'' is a book on [[lai]]s edited by [[Glyn Sheridan Burgess]], [[Leslie C. Brook]] and [[Amanda Hopkins]].

From the publisher:
:The lay was a flourishing genre in the French courts of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, related to romance rather as the modern short story is to the novel. Its most famous exponent is arguably [[Marie de France]], but in addition to her twelve lays, a number of others, mainly anonymous, have also come down to us, usually referred to as Breton lays or simply as narrative lays. The eleven anonymous lays presented in this volume show the varied nature of the genre. First brought together as a collection by Prudence Tobin in 1976, they have been freshly edited from the manuscript sources. They are presented here with facing English translation, together with substantial introductions for each lay, which deal principally with thematic issues and questions of general literary interest. GLYN S. BURGESS is Emeritus Professor of French at the University of Liverpool. LESLIE C. BROOK is Honorary Senior Research Fellow in French at the University of Birmingham.

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May 16, 2012

2012-05-16T12:49:32Z

Summary:

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<hr>
:M. [[Auguste Longnon]] avait, à l'aide de documents tirés des registres criminels du Parlement, identifié Garnier, avec Etienne Garnier, geôlier de la Conciergerie du Palais le 22 novembre 1433. Or ce Garnier, dont on ne retrouvait plus le nom ensuite, semblait avoir été remplacé dès 1454 par Jean Papin ' qui resta en fonction jusque vers 1470. Ces documents obligeaient donc à placer la condamnation de Villon entre 1453 et 1457. [http://books.google.be/books?id=hpxsoKisn98C&pg=PA117&lpg=PA117&dq=%22l%27aide+de+documents+tir%C3%A9s+des+registres+criminels+du+Parlement%22&source=bl&ots=4sSL3Yblmy&sig=yj_WdmcBKr0rndanVc1SSCKAV3g&hl=en&sa=X&ei=H8mzT76KG4Kq-gbzoa3PCA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22l%27aide%20de%20documents%20tir%C3%A9s%20des%20registres%20criminels%20du%20Parlement%22&f=false]
<hr>
[[Francois Villon: His Life And Times 1431-1463]] (1916) [http://archive.org/details/franoisvillonh00stacuoft]
<hr>
[[Je suis François, dont il me poise]]

<hr>

[[Courtly Love: The Path of Sexual Initiation]]

[[Jean Markale]] - 2000 - 242 pages - Preview

:... faith I guarantee that the most beautiful face in the world would not earn a woman a lover or a gallant if she had lost her cunt! Since all these splendid actions are accomplished because of it, let's not seek any farther: the new ...

[[French Arthurian Literature: Eleven Old French Narrative Lays]]

[[Glyn Sheridan Burgess]], [[Leslie C. Brook]], [[Amanda Hopkins]]

:I pledge you my faith, 92 No woman has such a beautiful face that, If she had lost her cunt, She would ever have a friend or lover. Since all good deeds are performed for it, 96 Let us not attribute them to someone else.
More editions
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Saint Pantaleon

2012-05-16T12:45:58Z

Summary:

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'''Saint Pantaleon''' ({{lang-el|Παντελεήμων}} [Panteleimon], "all-compassionate"), counted in the West among the late-medieval [[Fourteen Holy Helpers]] and in the East as one of the [[Holy Unmercenary Healers]], was a [[martyr]] of [[Nicomedia]] in [[Bithynia]] during the [[Persecution of Christians|Diocletian persecution]] of 303 AD. Though there is evidence to suggest that a martyr named Pantaleon existed, the various stories told of his life and death are considered by some to be purely legendary.
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Fibonacci

2012-05-16T10:35:42Z

Summary:

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'''Leonardo Pisano Bigollo''' (c. 1170 – c. 1250) also known as '''Leonardo of Pisa''', '''Leonardo Pisano''', '''Leonardo Bonacci''', '''Leonardo Fibonacci''', or, most commonly, simply '''Fibonacci''', was an [[Italy|Italian]] [[mathematician]], considered by some "the most talented western mathematician of the [[Middle Ages]]."
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Liber Abaci

2012-05-16T10:34:40Z

Summary:

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'''''Liber Abaci''''' (1202, also spelled as '''''Liber Abbaci''''') is a historic book on [[arithmetic]] by Leonardo of Pisa, known later by his nickname [[Fibonacci]]. In this work, Fibonacci introduced to Europe the Hindu-[[Arabic numerals]], a major element of our [[decimal system]], which he had learned by studying with [[Arab]]s while living in [[North Africa]] with his father, Guglielmo Bonaccio, who wished for him to become a merchant.

''Liber Abaci'' was among the first Western books to describe Arabic numerals. By addressing the applications of both commercial tradesmen and mathematicians, it contributed to convincing the public of the superiority of the new numerals.

The title of ''Liber Abaci'' means "The Book of Calculation". Although it has also been translated as "The Book of the Abacus", {{harvtxt|Sigler|2002}} writes that this is an error: the intent of the book is to describe methods of doing calculations without aid of an [[abacus]], and as {{harvtxt|Ore|1948}} confirms, for centuries after its publication the [[algorism]]ists (followers of the style of calculation demonstrated in Liber Abaci) remained in conflict with the abacists (traditionalists who continued to use the abacus in conjunction with Roman numerals).

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Fibonacci number

2012-05-15T23:35:11Z

Summary:

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In [[mathematics]], the '''Fibonacci numbers''' or '''Fibonacci series''' or '''Fibonacci sequence''' are the numbers in the following [[integer sequence]]:
:<math>0,\;1,\;1,\;2,\;3,\;5,\;8,\;13,\;21,\;34,\;55,\;89,\;144,\; \ldots\;</math> {{OEIS|id=A000045}}.
By definition, the first two numbers in the Fibonacci sequence are 0 and 1, and each subsequent number is the sum of the previous two.

In mathematical terms, the sequence ''Fn'' of Fibonacci numbers is defined by the [[recurrence relation]]
:<math>F_n = F_{n-1} + F_{n-2},\!\,</math>

with seed values<ref>Lucas p. 3</ref>
:<math>F_0 = 0,\; F_1 = 1.</math>

The Fibonacci sequence is named after [[Leonardo of Pisa]], who was known as Fibonacci. Fibonacci's 1202 book ''[[Liber Abaci]]'' introduced the sequence to Western European mathematics,<ref name="Sigler"/> although the sequence had been described earlier in [[Indian mathematics]].

==See also==
*[[Collatz conjecture]]
*[[Fibonacci word]]
*[[Helicoid]]
*[[Lucas numbers]]
*[[The Fibonacci Association]]
*[[Recursion (computer science)#Fibonacci]]

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Clarence Avant

2012-05-15T23:17:49Z

Summary:

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'''Clarence Avant''' (born February 25, 1931) is an [[People of United States|American]] [[music executive]], [[entrepreneur]], and [[film producer]]. He was also known as the ''Godfather of Black Music''.
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Tabu Records

2012-05-15T23:17:44Z

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'''Tabu Productions''' was an American [[record label]] founded by [[Clarence Avant]] in 1975. The label focused on [[R&B]] and [[funk]].

==Founding==
Avant founded the label after [[Sussex Records]] went out of business in June 1975. Tabu's [[flagship]] release, “Stormin'” by [[Brainstorm (US band)|Brainstorm]], was released in 1977. Tabu had a short-lived distribution pact with [[RCA Records|RCA]], which lasted a year before moving to [[CBS Records]].

The label focused on [[R&B]] and [[funk]] but expanded into other genres such as [[disco]]. Its artists included [[Lalo Schifrin]] ("No One Home", 1979) and [[the SOS Band]] ("Take Your Time (Do it Right)," 1980).

==Dina Andrews==
The label languished in 1982, and Avant nearly lost his home in 1983 before discovering Dina R. Andrews, a young music executive who had worked for [[Dick Griffey]]'s [[Solar Records]]. Andrews, who had just begun managing the duo [[Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis]] (of [[the Time (band)|the Time]]), met with Avant and, through her relationship with him, introduced Jam & Lewis, who produced their first recordings for Avant. Jam & Lewis went on to produce several other recordings for Avant under Dina Andrews Management.

[[The Time (band)|The Time]] was hired to [[Record producer|produce]] [[The SOS Band]]'s fourth album for Tabu, ''On the Rise'', which was certified gold on January 16, 1984.{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}} While recording in [[The SOS Band|SOS's]] home stomping grounds in [[Atlanta, Georgia]], on March 24, 1983, a freak snowstorm hit, grounding all flights from the city. The duo was scheduled to perform as a part of The Time in [[San Antonio, Texas|San Antonio]] at the Hemisfair Arena that night but couldn't get away. [[Prince (musician)|Prince]], who owned and managed the Time, fired them on April 18, 1983. The duo stayed in Los Angeles and became songwriter-producers at Larrabee Studios in West Hollywood.

Working with [[Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis|Jam and Lewis]] gave Tabu a much-needed shot in the arm. They brought [[Cherelle]] and [[Alexander O'Neal]] (the original [[The Time (band)|Time]] [[lead vocalist]]) to the label and both had done well; O'Neal released his self-titled album in 1985, and Cherelle's "Fragile" hit the [[United States|American]] [[R&B]] [[charts]] in 1984. The SOS Band had more hits with "Just The Way You Like It" in 1984 and "Sands of Time" in 1986, the album of which was certified gold on April 6, 1987.{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}} So influential was the sound that [[Robert Palmer (singer)|Robert Palmer]] covered Cherelle's "I Didn't Mean to Turn You On" in 1986 (again produced by Jam & Lewis{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}}), and [[Beats International]] covered the SOS Band's "Just Be Good to Me" in 1990. In 1986, Cherelle and Alexander O'Neal [[duet]]ed on "Saturday Love," which was a hit in the [[UK]] but caught on later with [[United States|American]] [[radio]]. Other acts like Kid Fire and Demetrius Perry recorded on this label.

==Sony era==
Tabu, in its deal with CBS, became associated with [[Sony Music Entertainment]] in November 1987 when the Japanese group bought the CBS Records. In this period, Tabu released ''Diamonds in the Raw'' by the SOS Band, which performed disappointingly. In [[1991]], Alexander O'Neal's ''All True Man'' was the last album Tabu released under the new [[Sony Music Entertainment|Sony]] regime; it was certified gold on August 26, 1991.{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}}

==A&M era==
In 1991, the label reappeared through [[PolyGram]]'s [[A&M Records]], who distributed it from 1991 until 1993, releasing four albums and about 20 singles. Avant was hired to run [[Motown]] (another PolyGram label), and, in August 1993, he brought Tabu under its aegis. It released collections by the SOS Band, Alexander O'Neal and Cherelle, while signing other [[Recording artist|artists]] such as [[Lucky Dube]] and [[Identity Crisis (band)|Identity Crisis]]. However, this reappearance was short-lived as well.

In 1999, [[Seagram]] bought [[PolyGram]] and merged it with the MCA family of labels, which became [[Universal Music Group]]. Shortly after, Tabu was absorbed into [[A&M Records]].

==Re-issues==
In 2002, Avant brought Tabu to [[EMI]]'s reissue label the Right Stuff, which began to re-release Tabu's catalog.

==See also==
*[[List of record labels]]
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Mike Myers

2012-05-15T23:15:55Z

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'''Michael John''' "'''Mike'''" '''Myers''' (born May 25, 1963) is a [[Canadians|Canadian]] actor, comedian, screenwriter, and film producer of [[British people|British]] parentage.

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Lovin' Is Really My Game

2012-05-15T23:15:46Z

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"[[Lovin' Is Really My Game]]" is a song by [[Brainstorm]]. It was featured in [[54 (film)]] and won the 1978 Billboard Magazine Light Radio/Heavy Disco Record of the Year.

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Brainstorm (US band)

2012-05-15T23:07:10Z

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'''Brainstorm''' was an [[United States|American]] [[funk]] and [[Rhythm and blues|R&B]] band, based in [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]] in the late 1970s. Their debut [[album]], ''[[Stormin' (album)|Stormin']] '', was their best selling album, and was released in 1977 on Tabu Records, executive-produced by [[Clarence Avant]] and produced by [[Jerry Peters]]. It contained the [[disco]] [[hit single]] "[[Lovin' Is Really My Game]]", which was featured in [[54 (film)]] starring [[Mike Myers]], and won the 1978 Billboard Magazine Light Radio/Heavy Disco Record of the Year. The album also contained the radio hit "This Must Be Heaven", which is considered a soul classic, by virtue of its continued air play to this date (2011), 34 years later, frequently, in the R&B radio market nationwide. Other single releases from subsequent albums included 1978's "On Our Way Home", and "Hot For You", featuring [[Belita Woods]] on lead vocals.

The members of the band (on the ''[[Stormin' (album)|Stormin']] '' album) were [[Belita Woods]], bandleader and saxophonist [[Chuck Overton]], [[Lamont Johnson (jazz musician)|Lamont Johnson]] on fretless bass and vocals ("This Must Be Heaven"), [[Renell Gonsalves]] on drums, [[Treaty Womack]] on vocals, percussion and flute, Bob Ross (a.k.a. [[Professor RJ Ross]]) on keyboards, [[Gerald (Jerry) Kent]] on guitar, [[Cameo (band)|Jeryl Bright]] on trombone, and [["Leaping" Larry Sims]] on trumpet. Future [[Wham!]]/[[George Michael]] [[bassist]], [[Deon Estus]], was also a member of the band for a time. A teenage [[Regina Carter]], who later became internationally known and respected as a jazz violinist, joined the band around 1978 and performed for a time with them. The [[Brothers Ali]], Jerome and Jimmy (bass and guitar), joined about the same time in 1978, these days performing in Las Vegas and other venues.

Members of Brainstorm continued their musical careers with other bands or in production. Woods later went on to perform as part of the [[Parliament-Funkadelic]] collective in touring sets around the world. Sims became the [[trumpet]]er for the [[Sounds of Blackness]], which won two [[Grammy Award]]s during the 1990s. Bright went on to play [[trombone]] with the funk band [[Cameo (band)|Cameo]] for over twenty five years, and later released an album with other former Cameo members [[Aaron Mills]], and Thomas TC Campbell, known as MCB (which was also the title of their album). [[Trenita (Treaty) Womack]] performs regularly with the [[Funk Brothers]] as well as a wide variety of other artists, and appeared in [[Standing in the Shadows of Motown (film)]], an award-winning documentary, as percussionist. [[Gerald (Jerry) Kent]] has produced a [[Broadcast Music, Inc.|BMI]]-affiliated self-published CD in 2006, under the name [[Kent's Way Overdue]] entitled ''[[Tone Paintings]]'', an original jazz-fusion guitar-based collection of instrumental cuts. He also plays guitar and bass with the [[IDMR Detroit Choir]], which choir was used in the closing scenes of [[Standing in the Shadows of Motown (film)]], singing background harmony behind [[Chaka Khan]] in a [[Grammy]] 2003 winning performance of [[What's Going On]]. [[William Wooten]], who joined the band after the first album playing keyboards, now tours with [[The Dramatics]] and [[The Spinners]]. [[E. L.(Lamont) Johnson]] has released new material and has a website as well (see external links), and teaches bass. [[Renell Gonsalves]] performs with a wide variety of artists, as a skillful Latin-jazz percussionist (His father was renowned jazz saxophonist [[Paul Gonsalves]], late of the [[Duke Ellington]] band). [[Professor RJ Ross]] has written and co-produced a number of music projects with well-known artists in California including a 2008 CD "Face to Face".
==Discography==
===Albums===
*1977: ''[[Stormin' (album)|Stormin']]''
*1978: ''[[Journey To The Light (album)|Journey to the Light]]''
*1978: ''[[Funky Entertainment (album)|Funky Entertainment]]''
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Roy Shaw (Secretary-General)

2012-05-15T23:05:05Z

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'''Roy Shaw''', Secretary-General of the [[Arts Council of Great Britain]] from 1975 to 1983, presided over the Council during one of its most difficult periods, when after the election of the Conservative government of in 1979, the Council was forced to make major cuts in spending on the arts organisations which it supported. Shaw was knighted in 1981, the last Secretary-General so to be honoured before the Council itself was replaced in 1991.
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Belita Woods

2012-05-15T23:04:53Z

Summary:

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'''Belita Karen Woods''' (October 23, 1948 – May 14, 2012) was a lead singer of the late 1970s R&B group, [[Brainstorm (US band)|Brainstorm]]. She also performed with [[Parliament-Funkadelic]] for two decades, beginning in 1992.

Brainstorm had a disco hit in 1977 called "[[Lovin' Is Really My Game]]". Their follow-up album, 1978's ''Journey To The Light'', featured a more soul-funk sound, anchored by the album tracks "We're On Our Way Home" and "If You Ever Need To Cry". Prior to joining Brainstorm, Woods released a single "Magic Corner"/"Grounded" on Detroit's Moira label in 1967.

She started touring with the [[P-Funk All-Stars]] in 1992. In 2001 she sang on four songs ("Scratched", "When Jack Met Jill", "Relax", "Tempovision") on French DJ/producer [[Étienne de Crécy]]'s ''Tempovision'' album. The song "Scratched" was produced by fellow P-Funk mate [[Michael "Clip" Payne]], who also sang on the song "Tempovision". She had three solo songs on [[George Clinton (musician)|George Clinton]]'s ''[[How Late Do U Have 2BB4UR Absent?]]'', released in 2005: "Don't Dance Too Close", "More Than Words Can Say" and "Saddest Day".

Woods died of heart failure on May 14, 2012.

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May 15, 2012

2012-05-15T23:04:40Z

Summary:

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*[[Carlos Fuentes]], 83, Mexican novelist.
*[[Belita Woods]], 63, American singer, heart failure.
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